Redundant words
Avoid unecessary repetition of words or word meanings and tautology.
| avoid | better |
| consensus of opinion | consensus |
| fewer in number | fewer |
| exact duplicate | duplicate |
| estimated at about | estimated |
| sum total | sum |
| whether or not | whether |
| in order to | to |
| elongated in shape | elongated |
| both of them | both |
| excised out | excised |
example:
“levels of adenosine concentration increased…”
is better as:
“adenosine levels increased…”
